{"id":1378,"date":"2014-10-02T14:43:58","date_gmt":"2014-10-02T14:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=1378"},"modified":"2014-10-02T14:43:58","modified_gmt":"2014-10-02T14:43:58","slug":"%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%84linux%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7bak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/1378.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684Linux\u6280\u5de7[bak]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/8883.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684Linux\u6280\u5de7<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u7693<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eQuroa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u7b54\u300a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Linux\/What-are-some-time-saving-tips-that-every-Linux-user-should-know\" target=\"_blank\">What are some time-saving tips that every Linux user should know?<\/a>\u300b\u2014\u2014 Linux\u7528\u6237\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u633a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u628a\u5176\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c<strong>\u5728Unix\/Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u8fc7\u300a<a title=\"\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684Shell\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/8619.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684Shell<\/a>\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a<a title=\"28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7829.html\" target=\"_blank\">28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668<\/a>\u300b\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053Linux\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5b8c\u5168\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u53bb<a title=\"\u505a\u4e2a\u73af\u4fdd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7186.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u4fdd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458<\/a>\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u5c11\u71ac\u70b9\u591c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u957f\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5728\u5f88\u6c89\u91cd\u5730\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u4f60\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u3002 \uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4e0b\u9762\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981man\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5148yum\u6216apt-get\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86Google\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981Baidu\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u7ec6\u83cc\u75c5\u6bd2\u548c\u5c0f\u5f3aBS\u4f60\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u6bc1\u706d\uff09<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Bash-shell\" target=\"_blank\">Bash<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5man bash\u6765\u770b\u770bbash\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u957f\u3002\u4f60\u7528\u522b\u7684shell\u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662fbash\u662f\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5b66\u4e60zsh\u6216tsch\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u4e60 vim<\/strong>\u00a0\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7f16<del>\u8bd1<\/del>\u8f91\u5668\uff08\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aEmacs\u6216Eclipse\u7684\u91cd\u5ea6\u7528\u6237\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u300a<a title=\"\u7b80\u660e Vim \u7ec3\u7ea7\u653b\u7565\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/5426.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u7b80\u660evim\u653b\u7565<\/a>\u300b\u548c \u300a<a title=\"\u6e38\u620f\uff1aVIM\u5927\u5192\u9669\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7166.html\" target=\"_blank\">Vim\u7684\u5192\u9669\u6e38\u620f<\/a>\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a<a title=\"\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684VIM\u901f\u67e5\u5361\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/5479.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684Vim\u901f\u67e5\u5361<\/a>\u300b\u8fd8\u6709\u300a<a title=\"\u5c06vim\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355:\u5982\u4f55\u5728vim\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u6700\u559c\u7231\u7684IDE\u7279\u6027\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/894.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u628aVim\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684IDE<\/a>\u300b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e86\u89e3 ssh<\/strong>\u3002\u660e\u767d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08\u901a\u8fc7ssh-agent, ssh-add\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u7528ssh\u7ffb\u5899\uff0c\u7528scp\u800c\u4e0d\u662fftp\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1fscp \u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309tab\u952e\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662fbash\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u719f\u6089bash\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\uff1a &amp;, Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-C, jobs, fg, bg, kill, \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u77e5\u9053Ctrl+\uff08SIGQUIT\uff09\u548cCtrl+C \uff08SIGINT\uff09\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\u00a0\uff1a ls \u548c ls -l (\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u77e5\u9053 \u201cls -l\u201d \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u610f\u601d), less, head, tail \u548c tail -f, ln \u548c ln -s (\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u660e\u767dhard link\u548csoft link\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u548c\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9), chown, chmod, du (\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5927\u5c0f du -sk *), df, mount\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u5fd8\u4e86find\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a ip \u6216 ifconfig, dig\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5fd8\u4e86\u5982netstat, ping, traceroute, \u7b49<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709grep\/egrep\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a -o, -A, \u548c -B \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u662f\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528 apt-get \u548c yum \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08\u524d\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5206\u53d1\u5305\u662fUbuntu\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5206\u53d1\u5305\u662fRedhat\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u8bd5\u7740\u4ece\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u5e38<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 bash \u91cc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl-R \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5149\u6807\u952e\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728 bash\u91cc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl-W \u6765\u5220\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl-U \u6765\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8bf7man bash\u540e\u67e5\u627eReadline Key Bindings\u4e00\u8282\u6765\u770b\u770bbash\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u70ed\u952e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1aAlt-. \u628a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800cAlt-* \u5219\u5217\u51fa\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a cd \u2013 \u00a0\uff08\u56de\u5230home\u662f cd ~\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 xargs\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-L\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528-P\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528xargs echo\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c -I{} \u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u7528\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">find . -name *.py | xargs grep some_function\ncat hosts | xargs -I{} ssh root@{} hostname<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>pstree -p \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811\u3002\uff08\u8bfb\u8fc7\u6211\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u300a<a title=\"\u4e00\u4e2afork\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7965.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u4e00\u4e2afork\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u9898<\/a>\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 pgrep \u548c pkill \u6765\u627e\u5230\u6216\u662fkill \u67d0\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 (-f \u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528).<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8981\u6302\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 kill -STOP [pid]. \u4f7f\u7528 man 7 signal \u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528kill -l \u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 nohup \u6216 \u00a0disown \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528netstat -lntp\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6709\u4fa6\u542c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u67d0\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 lsof\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728bash\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 set -x \u6765debug\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 set -e \u6765\u5f53\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019abort\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 set -o pipefail \u6765\u9650\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528trap\u6765\u622a\u83b7\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u5982\u622a\u83b7ctrl+c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728bash \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0csubshells (\u5199\u5728\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ec4\u5408\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># do something in current dir\n(cd \/some\/other\/dir; other-command)\n# continue in original dir<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 bash \u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728: ${name:?error message}\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2abash\u7684\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f input_file=${1:?usage: $0 input_file}\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a i=$(( (i + 1) % 5 ))\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a {1..10}\u3002 \u622a\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a ${var%suffix} \u548c ${var#prefix}\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a if var=foo.pdf, then echo ${var%.pdf}.txt prints \u201cfoo.txt\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 &lt;(some command) \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u67d0\u547d\u4ee4\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/hosts\uff1a diff \/etc\/hosts &lt;(ssh somehost cat \/etc\/hosts)<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Here%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3\" target=\"_blank\">here documents<\/a>\u201d \uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf8\u5982 cat &lt;&lt;EOF \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728 bash\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\uff1a some-command &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7ed9\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a \u201c&lt;\/dev\/null\u201d\uff0c\u628a\/dev\/null\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 man ascii \u6765\u67e5\u770b ASCII \u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684 ssh \u4f1a\u8bdd\u91cc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 screen \u6216 dtach \u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f60\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a<a title=\"28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7829.html\" target=\"_blank\">28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8981\u6765debug Web\uff0c\u8bd5\u8bd5curl \u548c curl -I \u6216\u662f wget \u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97debug Web\u7684\u5229\u5668\u662ffirebug\uff0ccurl\u548cwget\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6293\u7f51\u9875\u7684\uff0c\u5475\u5475\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u628a HTML \u8f6c\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff1a lynx -dump -stdin<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5904\u7406XML\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 xmlstarlet<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e Amazon S3\uff0c s3cmd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5728 ssh\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u96a7\u9053\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 -L or -D (\u8fd8\u6709-R) \uff0c\u7ffb\u5899\u795e\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684ssh \u505a\u70b9\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c.ssh\/config \u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u94fe\u63a5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u65b0\u7684host\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f7f\u7528scp\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff1a\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">TCPKeepAlive=yes\nServerAliveInterval=15\nServerAliveCountMax=6\nStrictHostKeyChecking=no\nCompression=yes\nForwardAgent=yes<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u8f93\u4e86\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u6539\u53d8\u6ce8\u610f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b Alt-# \uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u5c31\u88ab\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a#\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u88ab\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3 sort \u548c uniq \u547d\u4ee4 (\u5305\u62ec uniq \u7684 -u \u548c -d \u9009\u9879).<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3\u7528 cut, paste, \u548c join \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5fd8\u4e86\u5728cut\u524d\u4f7f\u7528join\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u7528sort\/uniq\u6765\u505a\u96c6\u5408\u4ea4\u96c6\u3001\u5e76\u96c6\u3001\u5dee\u96c6\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6a\u548cb\u5df2\u89e3\u88ab uniq\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7528sort\/uniq\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff08sort\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5185\u5b58\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-T\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u5f88\u5c0f\uff09\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">cat a b | sort | uniq &gt; c   # c is a union b \u5e76\u96c6\ncat a b | sort | uniq -d &gt; c   # c is a intersect b \u4ea4\u96c6\ncat a b b | sort | uniq -u &gt; c   # c is set difference a - b \u5dee\u96c6<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7684Linux\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6eLANG \u6216\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\uff1asort\uff09\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6162N\u591a\u500d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u4f60\u7528UTF-8\u7f16\u7801\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528ASCII\u6765\u5bf9\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3Disable\u90a3\u4e2ai18n \u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u4e8ebyte\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8bbe\u7f6eexport\u00a0LC_ALL=C \uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5176\u653e\u5728 .bashrc\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u7684sort\u547d\u4ee4\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3 awk \u548c sed\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u548c\uff1a awk \u2018{ x += $3 } END { print x }\u2019\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4Python\u5feb3\u500d\uff0c\u5e76\u6bd4Python\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c11\u4e09\u500d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 shuf \u6765\u6253\u4e71\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u6216\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3sort\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4e86\u89e3key\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08-t\u548c-k\uff09\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-k1,1\u6765\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c-k1\u6765\u5bf9\u5168\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Stable sort (sort -s) \u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e24\u4f8b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a sort -k1,1 | sort -s -k2,2<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728bash\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0b\uff0cTab\u952e\u662f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aTab\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u4f60\u60f3\u5728sort -t\u9009\u9879\u540e\u8f93\u5165&lt;tab&gt;\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6309Ctrl-V\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6309Tab\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165&lt;tab&gt;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528$\u2019t\u2019\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528hd\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5728CentOS\u4e0b\u662fhexdump\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528bvi\u547d\u4ee4\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/bvi.sourceforge.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bvi.sourceforge.net\/<\/a>\u00a0\u5899\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528strings\uff08\u914d\u5408grep\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b iconv\u3002\u6216\u662f\u8bd5\u8bd5\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684 uconv \u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684Unicode\u7f16\u7801\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5206\u9694\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528split\u547d\u4ee4\uff08split by size\uff09\u548ccsplit\u547d\u4ee4\uff08split by a pattern\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8bd5<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u78c1\u76d8\u3001CPU\u3001\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iostat, netstat, top (\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u7684 htop), \u8fd8\u6709 dstat \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709iftop, iotop\u7b49\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a<a title=\"28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/7829.html\" target=\"_blank\">28\u4e2aUnix\/Linux\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u795e\u5668<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528free\u548cvmstat\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f \u201ccached\u201d \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u662fLinux\u5185\u6838\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd8\u6709free\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Java \u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528kill -3 &lt;pid&gt; \u53d1\u4e00\u4e2aSIGQUIT\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9JVM\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09dump\u5230stderr\/logs\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 mtr \u4f1a\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528 traceroute \u8981\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u627e\u5230\u54ea\u4e2asocket\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iftop \u6216 nethogs\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Apache\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb ab \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u7528quick-and-dirty\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5 siege\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u6293\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bd5\u8bd5 wireshark \u6216 tshark\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3 strace \u548c ltrace\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684hang\u5728\u54ea\u4e86\uff0c\u600e\u4e48crash\u548cfailed\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u6765\u505a\u6027\u80fdprofile\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-p\u9009\u9879\u6765attach\u4e0a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3\u7528ldd\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<a title=\"ldd \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/1626.html\" target=\"_blank\">ldd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528gdb\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u5206\u6790core dump\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53c2\u770b\u6211\u5199\u7684\u300a<a title=\"GDB\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\" href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/3643.html\" target=\"_blank\">GDB\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u300b<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u4f1a\u5230 \/proc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aLinux\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a \/proc\/cpuinfo, \/proc\/xxx\/cwd, \/proc\/xxx\/exe, \/proc\/xxx\/fd\/, \/proc\/xxx\/smaps.<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8c03\u8bd5\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\uff0csar\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u770b CPU, \u5185\u5b58, \u7f51\u7edc, \u7b49\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 dmesg \u6765\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1aDisclaimer: Just because you\u00a0<i>can<\/i>\u00a0do something in bash, doesn\u2019t necessarily mean you should.\uff08\u5168\u6587\u5b8c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/coolshell.cn\/articles\/8883.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684Linux\u6280\u5de7 | \u9177 \u58f3 &#8211; CoolShell.cn<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684Linux\u6280\u5de7 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u7693 \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eQuroa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u7b54\u300aWhat are some time [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,11],"tags":[30,19],"class_list":["post-1378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledgebase-2","category-linux","tag-linux","tag-tips"],"views":3791,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1378"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1378\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}