{"id":1633,"date":"2014-11-30T05:13:10","date_gmt":"2014-11-30T05:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=1633"},"modified":"2023-03-23T11:40:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T03:40:47","slug":"postgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/1633.html","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL\u7684\u5b66\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>PostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770bpg\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">SELECT version();<\/pre>\n<h6>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h6>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662fpostgres\uff08<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u6ce8\u610f&#8221;-U&#8221;\u3001&#8221;-p&#8221;\u548c&#8221;-d&#8221;\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d&#8221;-p&#8221;\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u2014\u2014\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a5432\uff1b\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u653e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528.pgpass\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u66ff<\/strong><\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">psql -U user -d dbname -p portname<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u514d\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/6216432\/windows-psql-command-line-is-there-a-way-to-allow-for-passwordless-login\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/6216432\/windows-psql-command-line-is-there-a-way-to-allow-for-passwordless-login<\/a><\/p>\n<h6>\u5217\u4e3e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8emysql\u7684show databases<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\\l<\/pre>\n<h6>\u5207\u6362\u6570\u636e\u5e93,\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8emysql\u7684use dbname<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\\c dbname<\/pre>\n<h6>\u5217\u4e3e\u8868\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8emysql\u7684show tables<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\\dt<\/pre>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8edesc tblname,show columns from tblname<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\\d tblname\n\\d #\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u63a5tblname\u7684\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u8868<\/pre>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u7d22\u5f15<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\\di<\/pre>\n<h6>mysql \u7684 show create table \u5728 postgresql \u91cc\u9762\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f<\/h6>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">pg_dump -h db_ip_address -U db_user -t table_name -s db_name<\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>-s, &#8211;schema-only \u53ea\u8f6c\u50a8\u6a21\u5f0f, \u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e<br \/>\n-t, &#8211;table=TABLE \u53ea\u8f6c\u50a8\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u8868<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h6>\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">  copy ...             \u6267\u884c SQL COPY\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u673a\n  echo [\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32]       \u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\n  i \u6587\u4ef6          \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\n  ir FILE               \u4e0e i\u7c7b\u4f3c, \u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\n  o [\u6587\u4ef6]        \u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216 |\u7ba1\u9053\n  qecho [\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32]      \u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5199\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u4e32\u6d41(\u53c2\u8003 o)<\/pre>\n<h6>\u8fde\u63a5<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">  c[onnect] [\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0|- \u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0|- \u4e3b\u673a|- \u7aef\u53e3|-]\n                 \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93(\u76ee\u524d\u662f \"postgres\")\n  encoding [\u7f16\u7801\u540d\u79f0] \u663e\u793a\u6216\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\n  password [USERNAME]  \u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6539\u53d8\u53e3\u4ee4\n  conninfo              \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n<h6>\u8d44\u8baf\u6027<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">  (\u9009\u9879: S = \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61, + = \u5176\u4f59\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f)\n  d[S+]          \u5217\u51fa\u8868,\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\n  d[S+]  \u540d\u79f0      \u63cf\u8ff0\u8868\uff0c\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\n  da[S]  [\u6a21\u5f0f]    \u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\n  db[+]  [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\n  dc[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\n  dC[+]  [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\n  ddp     [\u6a21\u5f0f]    \u5217\u51fa\u7f3a\u7701\u6743\u9650\n  dD[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u5171\u540c\u503c\u57df\n  det[+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u5f15\u7528\u8868\n  des[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]    \u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n  deu[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\n dew[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]       \u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\n   df[antw][S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]    \u5217\u51fa[\u53ea\u5305\u62ec \u805a\u5408\/\u5e38\u89c4\/\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\/\u7a97\u53e3]\u51fd\u6570\n  dF[+]  [\u6a21\u5f0f]   \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\n  dFd[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u5178\n dFp[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\n  dFt[+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]   \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u7248\n  dg[+]  [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\n di[S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]  \u5217\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\n  dl                   \u5217\u51fa\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c \u529f\u80fd\u4e0elo_list\u76f8\u540c\n  dL[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\n  dm[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\n  dn[S+] [PATTERN]     \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\n  do[S]  [\u6a21\u5f0f]   \u5217\u51fa\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\n  dO[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6821\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\n  dp     [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u8868\uff0c\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\n  drds [\u6a21\u5f0f1 [\u6a21\u5f0f2]] \u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8bbe\u7f6e\n  ds[S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]    \u5217\u51fa\u5e8f\u5217\n  dt[S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]     \u5217\u51fa\u8868\n  dT[S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]  \u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\n  du[+]  [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\n  dv[S+] [\u6a21\u5f0f]   \u5217\u51fa\u89c6\u56fe\n  dE[S+] [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u5f15\u7528\u8868\n  dx[+]  [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\n  dy     [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\n  l[+]   [PATTERN]      \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n  sf[+] FUNCNAME        \u663e\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49<\/pre>\n<h6>\u8ba1\u65f6\u00b7\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/h6>\n<p>How to turn on timing, and checking how much time a query takes to execute ?<br \/>\n{ timing \u2014 After this if you execute a query it will show how much time it took for doing it. }<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \"># timing\nTiming is on.\n# SELECT * from pg_catalog.pg_attribute ;\n......\nTime: 9.583 ms<\/pre>\n<h6>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5efa\u5e93\/\u8868\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">create user hey with password 'xxx';\ncreate database testdb;\ncreate database testdb with owner hey;\n...\ndrop database testdb;<\/pre>\n<h6>\u672c\u673a\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h6>\n<p>1.\u5c06PostgreSQL\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u7684bin\u76ee\u5f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84<br \/>\n2.\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u201cpsql &#8211;help\u201d<\/p>\n<h6>\u8fdb\u5165PostgreSQL\u4e4b\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">postgres=# help\n\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528psql, \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95eePostgreSQL\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\n\u952e\u5165\uff1a copyright \u663e\u793a\u53d1\u884c\u6761\u6b3e\n       h \u663e\u793a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\n       ? \u663e\u793a pgsql \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\n       g \u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7(;)\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\n       q \u9000\u51fa<\/pre>\n<h5>PostgreSQL\u548cMySQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/h5>\n<h6>mysql \u91cc\u5934\u7684 auto_increment \u5728 postgresql \u91cc\u5934\u5bf9\u5e94\u600e\u4e48\u5f04\uff1f<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">postgresql \u91cc\u5934\u6709\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53eb serial\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e mysql \u91cc\u5934\u7684 int auto_increment \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728mysql\u91cc\u5934\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">create table\n(\nid int auto_increment\n)<\/pre>\n<p>\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e postgresql \u91cc\u5934\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">create table\n(\nid serial\n)<\/pre>\n<p>postgresql \u91cc\u5934\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a bigserial\uff0c\u662f8\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528bigserial\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>mysql \u7684 show full processlist \u5728 postgresql \u91cc\u9762\u600e\u4e48\u5f04\uff1f<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">select * from pg_stat_activity;<\/pre>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3apg_stat_activity\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u56fe\uff08view\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b83\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">select client_addr, count(1)\nfrom pg_stat_activity\ngroup by client_addr order by count(1) desc;<\/pre>\n<p>\u770b\u770b\u54ea\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>mysql \u7684 show global variables \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 postgresql \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f{\u5728psql\u91cc\u9762\u6267\u884c}<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">show all;\n<\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u5e76\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">select indexrelname, pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(relname::text)) from pg_stat_user_tables where schemaname = 'public' order by pg_relation_size(relname::text) desc;<\/pre>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8868\u5e76\u6309\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">select relname, pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(relname::text)) from pg_stat_user_tables where schemaname = 'public' order by pg_total_relation_size(relname::text) desc;<\/pre>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u4e3b\u8868\u5927\u5c0f<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">select relname, pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(relname::text)) from pg_stat_user_tables where schemaname = 'public' order by pg_total_relation_size(relname::text) desc;<\/pre>\n<h6>\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.163.com\/digoal@126\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL research &#8211; \u5fb7\u54e5@Digoal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/francs3.blog.163.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL DBA &#8211; francs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pgsqldb.org\/mwiki\/index.php\/PostgreFAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreFAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684blog\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yiibai.com\/manual\/postgresql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/nameoccupied\/article\/details\/9145345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">postgresql \u5207\u6362\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/mchina\/archive\/2013\/04\/19\/3028573.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.51yip.com\/pgsql\/1525.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">postgresql \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93,\u8868,\u7d22\u5f15,\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u5c0f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.51yip.com\/pgsql\/1535.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">postgresql \u5bfc\u51fa \u5bfc\u5165 \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.51yip.com\/category\/pgsql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pgsql\u00ab\u6d77\u5e95\u82cd\u9e70(tank)\u535a\u5ba2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thegeekstuff.com\/tag\/postgresql-psql-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thegeekstuff.com\/tag\/postgresql-psql-command\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 \u67e5\u770bpg\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f SELECT version(); \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[16,404],"class_list":["post-1633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database","tag-mysql","tag-postgresql"],"views":1979,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5420,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633\/revisions\/5420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}