{"id":2278,"date":"2015-07-04T14:42:07","date_gmt":"2015-07-04T06:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=2278"},"modified":"2015-07-04T14:42:07","modified_gmt":"2015-07-04T06:42:07","slug":"python%e7%9a%84argparse%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/2278.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7684argparse\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b66\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>\u7f18\u7531\uff1a<\/h6>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728Python2.7\u4e4b\u540ePython\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9optparse\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u6a21\u5757\u66ff\u4ee3optparse\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/argparse\/#module-argparse\">argparse<\/a>\u00a0module was added to Python 2.7 as a replacement for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/optparse\/index.html#module-optparse\">optparse<\/a>. The implementation of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/argparse\/#module-argparse\">argparse<\/a>\u00a0supports features that would not have been easy to add to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/optparse\/index.html#module-optparse\">optparse<\/a>, and that would have required backwards-incompatible API changes, so a new module was brought into the library instead.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/optparse\/index.html#module-optparse\">optparse<\/a>\u00a0is still supported, but is not likely to receive new features.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h6><strong>\u641c\u7d22\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>python argparse<\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/argparse.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/argparse.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/howto\/argparse.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/howto\/argparse.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/argparse\/\">http:\/\/pymotw.com\/2\/argparse\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mkaz.com\/2014\/07\/26\/python-argparse-cookbook\/\">https:\/\/mkaz.com\/2014\/07\/26\/python-argparse-cookbook\/ <\/a>\u00a0#\u6837\u4f8b\u5145\u8db3<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/jianboqi\/archive\/2013\/01\/10\/2854726.html\">http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/jianboqi\/archive\/2013\/01\/10\/2854726.html <\/a>\u00a0#\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/linxiyue\/p\/3908623.html\">http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/linxiyue\/p\/3908623.html <\/a>\u00a0#\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u660e<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/tagged\/argparse\">http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/tagged\/argparse<\/a><\/li>\n<li>=<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/argparse.html#action\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/argparse.html#action<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/functions.html#vars\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/functions.html#vars<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u5b66\u4e60\/\u4f7f\u7528\u6837\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h6>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">#!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n\nimport argparse\n\n#1.\u521b\u5efa\u89e3\u6790\u5668\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')   #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3asys.argv[0]\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5728help\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', description='Demo')\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', usage='%(prog)s [options]')\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', conflict_handler='resolve')\n\n\n#2.\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\n\n#\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\n#required\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9009\nparser.add_argument('--limit', required=True, type=int)\n#default\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\nparser.add_argument('--limit', default=5, type=int)\n\n#\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570(parse_args()\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528'-'\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc1\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5373\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570)\nparser.add_argument('filename')\n\n#nargs\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u91cf{\u6574\u6570N(N\u4e2a)\uff0c*(\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a)\uff0c+(\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a)}\nparser.add_argument('nums', nargs=2)\n\nparser.add_argument('nums', nargs='*')\n\nparser.add_argument('nums', nargs='?')\n\nparser.add_argument('nums', nargs=2, type=int)\n\n#type\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\nparser.add_argument('f', type=argparse.FileType('r'))\nargs = parser.parse_args()\nfor line in args.f:\n    print( line.strip() )\n\n# action={ store_true\/store_false\/count\/append }    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3astore\nparser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count')\nparser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose',\n    action='store_true',\n    help='verbose flag' )\n\n#choices\uff1a\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u503c\nparser.add_argument('throw', choices=['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])\n\n#3.\u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570(\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5)\n'''\n\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\uff1a\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.add_argument('-x')\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.add_argument('--foo')\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.parse_args('-x X'.split())\nNamespace(foo=None, x='X')\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.parse_args('--foo FOO'.split())\nNamespace(foo='FOO', x=None)\n\n\u957f\u9009\u9879\u7528=\u5206\u5f00\uff1a\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.parse_args('--foo=FOO'.split())\nNamespace(foo='FOO', x=None)\n\n\u77ed\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.parse_args('-xX'.split())\nNamespace(foo=None, x='X')\n\nparse_args()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3anamespace\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528vars()\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff1a\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n&gt;&gt;&gt; parser.add_argument('--foo')\n&gt;&gt;&gt; args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])\n&gt;&gt;&gt; vars(args)\n{'foo': 'BAR'}\n# https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/functions.html#vars\n'''\n\n#4.\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684tips\n'''\nArgparse\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4ece sys.argv \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\nvalues = parser.parse_args('--foo 1 -x 2 -y 3'.split())\n\u8fd9\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\n'''<\/pre>\n<p>\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">import argparse\nimport sys\n\ndef version_info():\n    VERSION_INFO = 'PROG v1'\n    AUTHOR_INFO = 'Author: ixyzero.com'\n    print VERSION_INFO\n    print AUTHOR_INFO\n\ndef scan(host, ports, threads, useragent):\n    print host\n    print ports\n    print threads\n    print useragent\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    parse = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n    parse.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='store_true', default=False, help='Version information')\n    parse.add_argument('-s', '--scan', action='store_true', default=False, help='Run masscan.')\n    # parse.add_argument('-H', '--host', required=True, type=str, help='Scan this host or list of hosts')\n    parse.add_argument('-H', '--host', type=str, help='Scan this host or list of hosts')\n    parse.add_argument('-P', '--ports', type=str, default='21,22,80,443,8000,8080,8443,2080,2443,9090,6000,8888,50080,50443,5900', help='Specify ports in masscan format. (ie.0-1000 or 80,443...)')\n    parse.add_argument('-t', '--threads', type=int, default=1, help='Specify the number of threads to use.')\n    parse.add_argument('-a', '--ua', type=str, default='o_O O_o', help='Specify a User Agent for requests')\n    args = parse.parse_args()\n\n    if len(sys.argv) &lt;= 1:\n        parse.print_help()\n        sys.exit(0)\n\n    if args.version:  #\u56e0\u4e3a\u300caction='store_true'\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300cargs.version\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTrue\/False\u300d\n        version_info()\n        sys.exit(0)\n\n    if args.scan and (args.host is not None):  #\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3aargs.host\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u300ctype=str\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300cargs.host\u7684\u503c\u4e3aNone\/\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u503c\u300d\n        scan(args.host, args.ports, args.threads, args.ua)<\/pre>\n<p>=EOF=<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f18\u7531\uff1a \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728Python2.7\u4e4b\u540ePython\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9optparse\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528argparse [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7,12],"tags":[531,8],"class_list":["post-2278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledgebase-2","category-programing","category-tools","tag-argparse","tag-python"],"views":2048,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}