{"id":278,"date":"2014-06-30T13:08:41","date_gmt":"2014-06-30T13:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=278"},"modified":"2014-06-30T13:08:41","modified_gmt":"2014-06-30T13:08:41","slug":"linux%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e7%a1%ac%e4%bb%b6%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af__%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4_%e9%9b%86%e5%90%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/278.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u83b7\u53d6\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f__\u5de5\u5177&\u547d\u4ee4_\u96c6\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4f7f\u7528lshw\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6Linux\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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Lshw is a nifty small command line utility that generates detailed reports about various hardware components on the system.\u00a0<\/span>\uff08<\/span>lshw\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\/proc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Lshw is capable of reporting memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed etc.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Install lshw<\/h5>\n

Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora users can get it from default repositories. On CentOS lshw can be installed from Epel repo.<\/p>\n

# ubuntu, debian\n$ sudo apt-get install lshw\n\n# fedora, centos (epel)\n$ sudo yum install lshw<\/pre>\n
Using lshw<\/h5>\n
The lshw command needs to run with super privileges to be able to detect and report the maximum amount of information. So run as root, or use sudo.<\/p>\n
Lshw assorts hardware components into groups called “class”. Processor, memory, display, network, storage are all different classes.<\/span><\/p>\n
1. Display full information<\/h5>\n
Running lshw without any options would generate full information report about all detected hardware. It would generate a big output with quite a lot of technical details<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw\nenlightened\n    description: Desktop Computer\n    product: ()\n    width: 64 bits\n    capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32\n    configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop uuid=949AC704-8C43-11DE-9395-000EA68F7260\n  *-core\n       description: Motherboard\n       product: DG35EC\n       vendor: Intel Corporation\n       physical id: 0\n       version: AAE29266-210\n       serial: BTEC934000EK\n       slot: Base Board Chassis Location\n     *-cpu\n          description: CPU\n          product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n          vendor: Intel Corp.\n          physical id: 0\n          bus info: cpu@0\n          version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n          slot: LGA 775\n          size: 2664MHz\n          capacity: 4GHz\n          width: 64 bits\n          clock: 333MHz\n          capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority cpufreq\n\n...TRIMMED<\/pre>\n
2.\u00a0<\/span>Display information in short<\/span><\/h5>\n
With the “-short” the lshw command would generate a brief information report about the hardware devices that would quickly give an idea about the hardware profile of the system.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -short\nH\/W path        Device      Class       Description\n===================================================\n                            system      ()\n\/0                          bus         DG35EC\n\/0\/0                        processor   Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n\/0\/0\/1                      memory      2MiB L2 cache\n\/0\/0\/3                      memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/2                        memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/4                        memory      64KiB BIOS\n\/0\/14                       memory      8GiB System Memory\n\/0\/14\/0                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/1                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/2                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/3                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/100                      bridge      82G35 Express DRAM Controller\n\/0\/100\/2                    display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\n\/0\/100\/2.1                  display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\n\/0\/100\/19       eth0        network     82566DC Gigabit Network Connection\n\/0\/100\/1a                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4\n\/0\/100\/1a.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5\n\/0\/100\/1a.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2\n\/0\/100\/1b                   multimedia  82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller\n\/0\/100\/1c                   bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1\n\/0\/100\/1c.1                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2\n\/0\/100\/1c.2                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3\n\/0\/100\/1c.2\/0               storage     JMB368 IDE controller\n\/0\/100\/1d                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1\n\/0\/100\/1d.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2\n\/0\/100\/1d.2                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3\n\/0\/100\/1d.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1\n\/0\/100\/1e                   bridge      82801 PCI Bridge\n\/0\/100\/1e\/5                 bus         FW322\/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f                   bridge      82801HB\/HR (ICH8\/R) LPC Interface Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f.2                 storage     82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]\n\/0\/100\/1f.3                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f.5                 storage     82801HR\/HO\/HH (ICH8R\/DO\/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE m\n\/0\/1            scsi3       storage\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0      \/dev\/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/1    \/dev\/sda1   volume      70GiB Windows NTFS volume\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2    \/dev\/sda2   volume      395GiB Extended partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/5  \/dev\/sda5   volume      97GiB HPFS\/NTFS partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/6  \/dev\/sda6   volume      97GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/7  \/dev\/sda7   volume      1952MiB Linux swap \/ Solaris partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/8  \/dev\/sda8   volume      198GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/3            scsi4       storage\n\/0\/3\/0.0.0      \/dev\/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A<\/pre>\n
The above output is easy to interpret. The system has an intel processor, 4 RAM slots, 1 500gb hard drive with 6 partitions, 1 dvd writer, 1 network adapter, couple of usb ports etc.<\/p>\n
The 3rd column is the class name. Lshw can display information only about a particular class if requested with the “-class” options.<\/p>\n
3. Display\u00a0<\/span>only memory information<\/span><\/h5>\n
To display information about the memory, specify the memory class<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -short -class memory\nH\/W path        Device      Class       Description\n===================================================\n\/0\/0\/1                      memory      2MiB L2 cache\n\/0\/0\/3                      memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/2                        memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/4                        memory      64KiB BIOS\n\/0\/14                       memory      8GiB System Memory\n\/0\/14\/0                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/1                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/2                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/3                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)<\/pre>\n
4. Display\u00a0<\/span>processor information<\/span><\/h5>\n
With class processor, lshw would display information about the cpu. It is better to not use the short option and get full details about the processor.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -class processor\n  *-cpu\n       description: CPU\n       product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n       vendor: Intel Corp.\n       physical id: 0\n       bus info: cpu@0\n       version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n       slot: LGA 775\n       size: 2664MHz\n       capacity: 4GHz\n       width: 64 bits\n       clock: 333MHz\n       capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority cpufreq<\/pre>\n
It should be noted that lshw does not accurately tell about the number of cores or processing units available. The above system for example is a quadcore processor with 4 processing units. Another command called lscpu gives more accurate information about the cpu. Check out the following post:\u00a08 commands to check cpu information on Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
5.\u00a0<\/span>Disk drives<\/span><\/h5>\n
Display the disk drives with the disk class.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -short -class disk\n[sudo] password for enlightened:\nH\/W path        Device      Class       Description\n===================================================\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0      \/dev\/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS\n\/0\/3\/0.0.0      \/dev\/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A<\/pre>\n
To display information about the partitions and controllers also, specify the storage and volume class along with the disk class. Then it would give a more clear picture about the storage on the system.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -short -class disk -class storage -class volume\nH\/W path        Device      Class       Description\n===================================================\n\/0\/100\/1c.2\/0               storage     JMB368 IDE controller\n\/0\/100\/1f.2                 storage     82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]\n\/0\/100\/1f.5                 storage     82801HR\/HO\/HH (ICH8R\/DO\/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE m\n\/0\/1            scsi3       storage\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0      \/dev\/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/1    \/dev\/sda1   volume      70GiB Windows NTFS volume\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2    \/dev\/sda2   volume      395GiB Extended partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/5  \/dev\/sda5   volume      97GiB HPFS\/NTFS partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/6  \/dev\/sda6   volume      97GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/7  \/dev\/sda7   volume      1952MiB Linux swap \/ Solaris partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/8  \/dev\/sda8   volume      198GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/3            scsi4       storage\n\/0\/3\/0.0.0      \/dev\/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A<\/pre>\n
6.\u00a0<\/span>Network adapter information<\/span><\/h5>\n
Use the network class to display information about the network adapter\/interface. Omitting the short option is a good idea to get detailed information about it.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -class network\n  *-network\n       description: Ethernet interface\n       product: 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection\n       vendor: Intel Corporation\n       physical id: 19\n       bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0\n       logical name: eth0\n       version: 02\n       serial: 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee\n       size: 100Mbit\/s\n       capacity: 1Gbit\/s\n       width: 32 bits\n       clock: 33MHz\n       capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation\n       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=2.3.2-k duplex=full firmware=1.1-0 ip=192.168.1.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit\/s\n       resources: irq:43 memory:e0300000-e031ffff memory:e0324000-e0324fff ioport:20c0(size=32)<\/pre>\n
The value of the “serial” field is same as the MAC address. The configuration field indicates that autonegotiation is turned on and the current operating speed is 100Mbit\/s. These configurations can be modified with the ethtool command.<\/p>\n
7.\u00a0<\/span>Display address details with businfo<\/span><\/h5>\n
With the businfo option lshw would output the address details of pci, usb, scsi and ide devices<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -businfo\nBus info          Device      Class       Description\n=====================================================\n                              system      ()\n                              bus         DG35EC\ncpu@0                         processor   Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n                              memory      2MiB L2 cache\n                              memory      32KiB L1 cache\n                              memory      32KiB L1 cache\n                              memory      64KiB BIOS\n                              memory      8GiB System Memory\n                              memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n                              memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n                              memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n                              memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\npci@0000:00:00.0              bridge      82G35 Express DRAM Controller\npci@0000:00:02.0              display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\npci@0000:00:02.1              display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\npci@0000:00:19.0  eth0        network     82566DC Gigabit Network Connection\npci@0000:00:1a.0              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4\npci@0000:00:1a.1              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5\npci@0000:00:1a.7              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2\npci@0000:00:1b.0              multimedia  82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller\npci@0000:00:1c.0              bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1\npci@0000:00:1c.1              bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2\npci@0000:00:1c.2              bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3\npci@0000:03:00.0              storage     JMB368 IDE controller\npci@0000:00:1d.0              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1\npci@0000:00:1d.1              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2\npci@0000:00:1d.2              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3\npci@0000:00:1d.7              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1\npci@0000:00:1e.0              bridge      82801 PCI Bridge\npci@0000:04:05.0              bus         FW322\/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller\npci@0000:00:1f.0              bridge      82801HB\/HR (ICH8\/R) LPC Interface Controller\npci@0000:00:1f.2              storage     82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]\npci@0000:00:1f.3              bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller\npci@0000:00:1f.5              storage     82801HR\/HO\/HH (ICH8R\/DO\/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE\n                  scsi3       storage\nscsi@3:0.0.0      \/dev\/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS\nscsi@3:0.0.0,1    \/dev\/sda1   volume      70GiB Windows NTFS volume\nscsi@3:0.0.0,2    \/dev\/sda2   volume      395GiB Extended partition\n                  \/dev\/sda5   volume      97GiB HPFS\/NTFS partition\n                  \/dev\/sda6   volume      97GiB Linux filesystem partition\n                  \/dev\/sda7   volume      1952MiB Linux swap \/ Solaris partition\n                  \/dev\/sda8   volume      198GiB Linux filesystem partition\n                  scsi4       storage\nscsi@4:0.0.0      \/dev\/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A<\/pre>\n
The output is similar to “short” option, with the first column replaced with Bus Info.<\/p>\n
8.\u00a0<\/span>Generate report in html\/xml format<\/span><\/h5>\n
Lshw is capable of producing reports in html, xml and json formats.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -html > hardware.html<\/pre>\n
For xml format<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -xml > hardware.xml<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u68c0\u6d4bLinux\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u768416\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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Like for every thing, there are plenty of commands to check information about the hardware of your linux system. Some commands report only specific hardware components like cpu or memory while the rest cover multiple hardware units.<\/p>\n
This post takes a quick look at some of the most commonly used commands to check information and configuration details about various hardware peripherals and devices. The list includes lscpu, hwinfo, lshw, dmidecode, lspci etc.<\/p>\n
1. lscpu<\/h5>\n
The lscpu command reports information about the cpu and processing units. It does not have any further options or functionality.<\/p>\n
$ lscpu\nArchitecture:          x86_64\nCPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit\nByte Order:            Little Endian\nCPU(s):                4\nOn-line CPU(s) list:   0-3\nThread(s) per core:    1\nCore(s) per socket:    4\nSocket(s):             1\nNUMA node(s):          1\nVendor ID:             GenuineIntel\nCPU family:            6\nModel:                 23\nStepping:              10\nCPU MHz:               1998.000\nBogoMIPS:              5302.48\nVirtualization:        VT-x\nL1d cache:             32K\nL1i cache:             32K\nL2 cache:              2048K\nNUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3<\/pre>\n
2. lshw – List Hardware<\/h5>\n
A general purpose utility, that reports detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware units such as cpu, memory, disk, usb controllers, network adapters etc. Lshw extracts the information from different \/proc files.<\/p>\n
$ sudo lshw -short\n\nH\/W path        Device      Class       Description\n===================================================\n                            system      ()\n\/0                          bus         DG35EC\n\/0\/0                        processor   Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz\n\/0\/0\/1                      memory      2MiB L2 cache\n\/0\/0\/3                      memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/2                        memory      32KiB L1 cache\n\/0\/4                        memory      64KiB BIOS\n\/0\/14                       memory      8GiB System Memory\n\/0\/14\/0                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/1                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/2                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/14\/3                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)\n\/0\/100                      bridge      82G35 Express DRAM Controller\n\/0\/100\/2                    display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\n\/0\/100\/2.1                  display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\n\/0\/100\/19       eth0        network     82566DC Gigabit Network Connection\n\/0\/100\/1a                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4\n\/0\/100\/1a.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5\n\/0\/100\/1a.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2\n\/0\/100\/1b                   multimedia  82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller\n\/0\/100\/1c                   bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1\n\/0\/100\/1c.1                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2\n\/0\/100\/1c.2                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3\n\/0\/100\/1c.2\/0               storage     JMB368 IDE controller\n\/0\/100\/1d                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1\n\/0\/100\/1d.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2\n\/0\/100\/1d.2                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3\n\/0\/100\/1d.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1\n\/0\/100\/1e                   bridge      82801 PCI Bridge\n\/0\/100\/1e\/5                 bus         FW322\/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f                   bridge      82801HB\/HR (ICH8\/R) LPC Interface Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f.2                 storage     82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]\n\/0\/100\/1f.3                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller\n\/0\/100\/1f.5                 storage     82801HR\/HO\/HH (ICH8R\/DO\/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE m\n\/0\/1            scsi3       storage\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0      \/dev\/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/1    \/dev\/sda1   volume      70GiB Windows NTFS volume\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2    \/dev\/sda2   volume      395GiB Extended partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/5  \/dev\/sda5   volume      97GiB HPFS\/NTFS partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/6  \/dev\/sda6   volume      97GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/7  \/dev\/sda7   volume      1952MiB Linux swap \/ Solaris partition\n\/0\/1\/0.0.0\/2\/8  \/dev\/sda8   volume      198GiB Linux filesystem partition\n\/0\/3            scsi4       storage\n\/0\/3\/0.0.0      \/dev\/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A<\/pre>\n
Check out the following post to learn more about lshw<\/p>\n
Get hardware information on Linux with lshw command<\/a><\/p>\n
3. hwinfo – Hardware Information<\/h5>\n
Hwinfo is another general purpose hardware probing utility that can report detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware components, and more than what lshw can report.<\/p>\n
$ hwinfo --short\ncpu:\n                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz\n                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz\n                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz\n                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz\nkeyboard:\n  \/dev\/input\/event2    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard\nmouse:\n  \/dev\/input\/mice      Microsoft Basic Optical Mouse v2.0\ngraphics card:\n                       Intel 965G-1\n                       Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller\nsound:\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller\nstorage:\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller\n                       JMicron JMB368 IDE controller\nnetwork:\n  eth0                 Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection\nnetwork interface:\n  eth0                 Ethernet network interface\n  lo                   Loopback network interface\ndisk:\n  \/dev\/sda             ST3500418AS\npartition:\n  \/dev\/sda1            Partition\n  \/dev\/sda2            Partition\n  \/dev\/sda5            Partition\n  \/dev\/sda6            Partition\n  \/dev\/sda7            Partition\n  \/dev\/sda8            Partition\ncdrom:\n  \/dev\/sr0             SONY DVD RW DRU-190A\nusb controller:\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3\n                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1\nbios:\n                       BIOS\n\n... TRUNCATED ...<\/pre>\n
Check out our previous post on hwinfo
\nCheck hardware information on Linux with hwinfo command<\/a><\/p>\n
4. lspci – List PCI<\/h5>\n
The lspci command lists out all the pci buses and details about the devices connected to them.
\nThe vga adapter, graphics card, network adapter, usb ports, sata controllers, etc all fall under this category.<\/p>\n
$ lspci\n00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 03)\n00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)\n00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)\n00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection (rev 02)\n00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)\n00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02)\n00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)\n00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02)\n00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02)\n00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02)\n00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 02)\n00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)\n00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)\n00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)\n00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)\n00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev f2)\n00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801HB\/HR (ICH8\/R) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02)\n00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02)\n00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02)\n00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HR\/HO\/HH (ICH8R\/DO\/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02)\n03:00.0 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB368 IDE controller\n04:05.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322\/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller (rev 70)<\/pre>\n
Filter out specific device information with grep.<\/p>\n
$ lspci -v | grep \"VGA\" -A 12<\/pre>\n
5. lsscsi – List scsi devices<\/h5>\n
Lists out the scsi\/sata devices like hard drives and optical drives.<\/p>\n
$ lsscsi\n[3:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      ST3500418AS      CC38  \/dev\/sda\n[4:0:0:0]    cd\/dvd  SONY     DVD RW DRU-190A  1.63  \/dev\/sr0<\/pre>\n
6. lsusb – List usb buses and device details<\/h5>\n
This command shows the USB controllers and details about devices connected to them. By default brief information is printed. Use the verbose option “-v” to print detailed information about each usb port<\/p>\n
$ lsusb\nBus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub\nBus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub\nBus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub\nBus 005 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp. Basic Optical Mouse v2.0\nBus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub\nBus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub\nBus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub\nBus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub<\/pre>\n
On the above system, 1 usb port is being used by the mouse.<\/p>\n
7. Inxi<\/h5>\n
Inxi is a 10K line mega bash script that fetches hardware details from multiple different sources and commands on the system, and generates a beautiful looking report that non technical users can read easily.<\/p>\n
$ inxi -Fx<\/pre>\n
8. lsblk – List block devices<\/h5>\n
List out information all block devices, which are the hard drive partitions and other storage devices like optical drives and flash drives<\/p>\n
$ lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0    70G  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda5   8:5    0  97.7G  0 part \/media\/4668484A68483B47\n\u251c\u2500sda6   8:6    0  97.7G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda7   8:7    0   1.9G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u2514\u2500sda8   8:8    0 198.5G  0 part \/media\/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1\nsr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom<\/pre>\n
9. df – disk space of file systems<\/h5>\n
Reports various partitions, their mount points and the used and available space on each.<\/p>\n
$ df -H\nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/sda6       104G   26G   73G  26% \/\nnone            4.1k     0  4.1k   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\nudev            4.2G  4.1k  4.2G   1% \/dev\ntmpfs           837M  1.6M  835M   1% \/run\nnone            5.3M     0  5.3M   0% \/run\/lock\nnone            4.2G   13M  4.2G   1% \/run\/shm\nnone            105M   21k  105M   1% \/run\/user\n\/dev\/sda8       210G  149G   51G  75% \/media\/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1\n\/dev\/sda5       105G   31G   75G  30% \/media\/4668484A68483B47<\/pre>\n
10. Pydf – Python df<\/h5>\n
An improved df version written in python, that displays colored output that looks better than df<\/p>\n
$ pydf\nFilesystem Size Used Avail Use%          Mounted on\n\/dev\/sda6   96G  23G   68G 24.4 [#.....] \/\n\/dev\/sda8  195G 138G   47G 70.6 [####..] \/media\/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1\n\/dev\/sda5   98G  28G   69G 29.2 [##....] \/media\/4668484A68483B47<\/pre>\n
11. fdisk<\/h5>\n
Fdisk is a utility to modify partitions on hard drives, and can be used to list out the partition information as well.<\/p>\n
$ sudo fdisk -l\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors\nUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x30093008\n\n   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *          63   146801969    73400953+   7  HPFS\/NTFS\/exFAT\n\/dev\/sda2       146802031   976771071   414984520+   f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)\n\/dev\/sda5       146802033   351614654   102406311    7  HPFS\/NTFS\/exFAT\n\/dev\/sda6       351614718   556427339   102406311   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda7       556429312   560427007     1998848   82  Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda8       560429056   976771071   208171008   83  Linux<\/pre>\n
12. mount<\/h5>\n
The mount is used to mount\/unmount and view mounted file systems.<\/p>\n
$ mount | column -t\n\/dev\/sda6    on  \/                                            type  ext4             (rw,errors=remount-ro)\nproc         on  \/proc                                        type  proc             (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)\nsysfs        on  \/sys                                         type  sysfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)\nnone         on  \/sys\/fs\/cgroup                               type  tmpfs            (rw)\nnone         on  \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections                     type  fusectl          (rw)\nnone         on  \/sys\/kernel\/debug                            type  debugfs          (rw)\nnone         on  \/sys\/kernel\/security                         type  securityfs       (rw)\nudev         on  \/dev                                         type  devtmpfs         (rw,mode=0755)\ndevpts       on  \/dev\/pts                                     type  devpts           (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)\ntmpfs        on  \/run                                         type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)\nnone         on  \/run\/lock                                    type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)\nnone         on  \/run\/shm                                     type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev)\nnone         on  \/run\/user                                    type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)\nnone         on  \/sys\/fs\/pstore                               type  pstore           (rw)\n\/dev\/sda8    on  \/media\/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1  type  ext4             (rw,nosuid,nodev,errors=remount-ro)\n\/dev\/sda5    on  \/media\/4668484A68483B47                      type  fuseblk          (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)\nbinfmt_misc  on  \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc                     type  binfmt_misc      (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)\nsystemd      on  \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd                       type  cgroup           (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)\ngvfsd-fuse   on  \/run\/user\/1000\/gvfs                          type  fuse.gvfsd-fuse  (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=enlightened)<\/pre>\n
Again, use grep to filter out only those file systems that you want to see<\/p>\n
$ mount | column -t | grep ext<\/pre>\n
13. free – Check RAM<\/h5>\n
Check the amount of used, free and total amount of RAM on system with the free command.<\/p>\n
$ free -m\n             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\nMem:          7975       5865       2110          0         24        622\n-\/+ buffers\/cache:       5218       2757\nSwap:         1951        921       1030<\/pre>\n
14. dmidecode<\/h5>\n
The dmidecode command is different from all other commands. It extracts hardware information by reading data from the\u00a0SMBOIS data structures<\/a>\u00a0(also called DMI tables).<\/p>\n
# display information about the processor\/cpu\n$ sudo dmidecode -t processor\n\n# memory\/ram information\n$ sudo dmidecode -t memory\n\n# bios details\n$ sudo dmidecode -t bios<\/pre>\n
Check out the man page for more details.<\/p>\n
15. \/proc files<\/h5>\n
Many of the virtual files in the \/proc directory contain information about hardware and configurations. Here are some of them<\/p>\n
CPU\/Memory information<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
# cpu information\n$ cat \/proc\/cpuinfo\n\n# memory information\n$ cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/pre>\n
Linux\/kernel information<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
$ cat \/proc\/version\nLinux version 3.11.0-12-generic (buildd@allspice) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu\/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu7) ) #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:20:46 UTC 2013<\/pre>\n
SCSI\/Sata devices<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
$ cat \/proc\/scsi\/scsi\nAttached devices:\nHost: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00\n  Vendor: ATA      Model: ST3500418AS      Rev: CC38\n  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 05\nHost: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00\n  Vendor: SONY     Model: DVD RW DRU-190A  Rev: 1.63\n  Type:   CD-ROM                           ANSI  SCSI revision: 05<\/pre>\n
Partitions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
$ cat \/proc\/partitions\nmajor minor  #blocks  name\n\n   8        0  488386584 sda\n   8        1   73400953 sda1\n   8        2          1 sda2\n   8        5  102406311 sda5\n   8        6  102406311 sda6\n   8        7    1998848 sda7\n   8        8  208171008 sda8\n  11        0    1048575 sr0<\/pre>\n
16. hdparm<\/h5>\n
The hdparm command gets information about sata devices like hard disks.<\/p>\n
$ sudo hdparm -i \/dev\/sda\n\n\/dev\/sda:\n\n Model=ST3500418AS, FwRev=CC38, SerialNo=9VMJXV1N\n Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }\n RawCHS=16383\/16\/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4\n BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16\n CurCHS=16383\/16\/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168\n IORDY=on\/off, tPIO={min:120,w\/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}\n PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4\n DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2\n UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6\n AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled\n Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA\/ATAPI-4,5,6,7\n\n * signifies the current active mode<\/pre>\n
Summary<\/h5>\n
Each of the command has a slightly different method of extracting information, and you may need to try more than one of them, while looking for specific hardware details. However they are available across most linux distros, and can be easily installed from the default repositories.<\/p>\n
On the desktop there are gui tools, for those who do not want to memorise and type commands. Hardinfo, I-nex are some of the popular ones that provide detailed information about multiple different hardware components.<\/p>\n
16 commands to check hardware information on Linux\u00a0http:\/\/www.binarytides.com\/linux-commands-hardware-info\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
———————<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
DMI\u00a0types<\/h4>\n
Each hardware component is organized in a separate records with definite type id\u2019s. The\u00a0DMI\u00a0specification defines\u00a0DMI\u00a0types as follows:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Type\u00a0\u00a0 Information
\n—————————————-
\n0\u00a0\u00a0 BIOS
\n1\u00a0\u00a0 System
\n2\u00a0\u00a0 Base Board
\n3\u00a0\u00a0 Chassis
\n4\u00a0\u00a0 Processor
\n5\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Controller
\n6\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Module
\n7\u00a0\u00a0 Cache
\n8\u00a0\u00a0 Port Connector
\n9\u00a0\u00a0 System Slots
\n10\u00a0\u00a0 On Board Devices
\n11\u00a0\u00a0 OEM Strings
\n12\u00a0\u00a0 System Configuration Options
\n13\u00a0\u00a0 BIOS Language
\n14\u00a0\u00a0 Group Associations
\n15\u00a0\u00a0 System Event Log
\n16\u00a0\u00a0 Physical Memory Array
\n17\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Device
\n18\u00a0\u00a0 32-bit Memory Error
\n19\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Array Mapped Address
\n20\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Device Mapped Address
\n21\u00a0\u00a0 Built-in Pointing Device
\n22\u00a0\u00a0 Portable Battery
\n23\u00a0\u00a0 System Reset
\n24\u00a0\u00a0 Hardware Security
\n25\u00a0\u00a0 System Power Controls
\n26\u00a0\u00a0 Voltage Probe
\n27\u00a0\u00a0 Cooling Device
\n28\u00a0\u00a0 Temperature Probe
\n29\u00a0\u00a0 Electrical Current Probe
\n30\u00a0\u00a0 Out-of-band Remote Access
\n31\u00a0\u00a0 Boot Integrity Services
\n32\u00a0\u00a0 System Boot
\n33\u00a0\u00a0 64-bit Memory Error
\n34\u00a0\u00a0 Management Device
\n35\u00a0\u00a0 Management Device Component
\n36\u00a0\u00a0 Management Device Threshold Data
\n37\u00a0\u00a0 Memory Channel
\n38\u00a0\u00a0 IPMI Device
\n39\u00a0\u00a0 Power Supply
\n126\u00a0 Disabled components
\n127\u00a0 EOF (End Of File) marker
\n128-255\u00a0 OEM-specific data<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
———————<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\u4e3b\u677f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
lshw\u00a0-c\u00a0bus\u00a0|\u00a0head\ndmidecode\u00a0-t\u00a0baseboard<\/pre>\n
BIOS:<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
dmidecode\u00a0-t\u00a0bios<\/pre>\n
CPU\uff1a<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/h6>\n
less\u00a0\/proc\/cpuinfo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0#\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5b9ecpu\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u770b<\/span>cpu\u00a0cores\u00a0\u624d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u76ee<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
lshw\u00a0-c\u00a0processor\ndmidecode\u00a0-t\u00a0processor<\/pre>\n
\u5185\u5b58\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
dmidecode\u00a0-t\u00a0memory<\/pre>\n
\u786c\u76d8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
lshw\u00a0-c\u00a0disk\nhdparm\u00a0-I\u00a0\/dev\/sda<\/pre>\n
\u7f51\u5361\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
lspci\u00a0|\u00a0grep\u00a0-i\u00a0eth0\nethtool\u00a0-i\u00a0eth0<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u5361\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
lspci\u00a0-v\u00a0|\u00a0less\nlshw\u00a0-c\u00a0display<\/pre>\n
USB\u00a0\u88dd\u7f6e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
lsusb<\/pre>\n
=======================================<\/p>\n
\u663e\u5361\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\uff1a<\/h6>\n
xrandr\u00a0--verbose\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0#\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\nglxgears \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0#\u00a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/pre>\n
# glx\nglxdemo\u00a0\u00a0 glxgears\u00a0 glxheads\u00a0 glxinfo<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
==================<\/div>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/h6>\n
\n