{"id":3686,"date":"2017-11-19T00:00:26","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T16:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=3686"},"modified":"2017-11-19T00:00:26","modified_gmt":"2017-11-18T16:00:26","slug":"cissp%e5%ae%98%e6%96%b9%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%e7%ac%ac7%e7%89%88%e7%ac%ac7%e7%ab%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/3686.html","title":{"rendered":"CISSP\u5b98\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u6307\u5357\u7b2c7\u7248#\u7b2c7\u7ae0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>=Start=<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u7f18\u7531\uff1a\">\u7f18\u7531\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5907\u8003CISSP\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u6574\u7406\u5728\u770b\u300aCISSP\u5b98\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u6307\u5357\uff08\u7b2c7\u7248\uff09\u300b\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u6b63\u6587\uff1a\">\u6b63\u6587\uff1a<\/h4>\n<h5 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u53c2\u8003\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a\">\u53c2\u8003\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a<\/h5>\n<h6>\u7b2c7\u7ae0 PKI\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5e94\u7528<\/h6>\n<p>\u7b2c6\u7ae0&#8221;\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e0e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u7b97\u6cd5&#8221;\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u79c1\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0(\u6216\u516c\u94a5)\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd(PKI)\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u652f\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u8981\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u51e0\u79cd\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001Web\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7248\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6000\u6709\u6076\u610f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u8f83\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7.1 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66<\/h6>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e95\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f53\u4eca\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aRSA\u3001El Gamal\u548c\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf(EllipticCurveCrypto system\uff0cECC)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.1.1 \u516c\u94a5\u4e0e\u79c1\u94a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e86\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u79c1\u94a5(\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u516c\u94a5\/\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u534a)\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237(\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u9001\u8005)\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u81ea\u7531\u5171\u4eab\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4fe1\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u7b49\u52a0\u5bc6\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u516c\u94a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u6bd4\u79c1\u94a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u66f4\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.1.2 RSA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u5176\u521b\u9020\u8005\u547d\u540d\u30021977\u5e74\uff0cRonald Rivest\u3001Adi Shamir\u548cLeonard Adleman\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86RSA\u516c\u94a5\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8(RSA\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u53f8)\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>RSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u5728\u56e0\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u65f6\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u6b65\u9aa4\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u5bf9\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\uff1a<br \/>\n(1)\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u8d28\u6570(\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u5927\u7ea6200\u4f4d)\uff0c\u7528p\u548cq\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<br \/>\n(2)\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373<strong>n=p*q<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n(3)\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0b\u5217\u4e24\u9879\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<br \/>\na.<strong>e\u5c0f\u4e8en<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nb.e\u548c(n\u4e001)(q\u4e001)\u4e92\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u4e861\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u6570\u3002<br \/>\n(4)\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97(ed-1)mod(p\u4e001)(q\u4e001)=0\u3002<br \/>\n(5)\u628ae\u548cn\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u94a5\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5c06d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79c1\u94a5\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.1.3 El Gamal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6(1985\u5e74)\uff0cEl Gamal\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u4e8eRSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002<\/strong>El Gamal\u535a\u58eb\u6ca1\u6709\u7533\u8bf7Diffe-Hellman\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5df1\u53d6\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\u7684RSA\u6280\u672f(\u57282000\u5e74\uff0cRSA\u516c\u5e03\u5176\u7b97\u6cd5\u5230\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0cEl Gamal\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u52a0\u500d\u4e86\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u52a0\u5bc6\u957f\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u5728\u5e26\u5bbd\u8f83\u7a84\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7.1.4 \u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf(ECC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u662f\u57281985\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6Neil Koblitz(\u6765\u81ea\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66)\u548cVictor Miller(\u6765\u81eaIBM)\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd0\u7528\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf(ECC)\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u5bf9\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6bd4\u89e3\u51b3RSA\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8d28\u6570\u56e0\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u548cDiffe-Hellman\u4e0eEl Gamal\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u79bb\u6563\u5bf9\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7.2 \u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>\u6309\u7167RSA\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e0b\u52175\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u65f6\u8981\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684(\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u662f\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684)\u3002\u5355\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u5728\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684(\u610f\u5473\u7740\u627e\u5230\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u6563\u5217\u503c\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd4\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aSHA\u3001MD2\u3001MD4\u548cMD5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2.1 SHA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5b89\u5168\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5(SHA)\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u884d\u751f\u7684SHA-1\u548cSHA-2\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u534f\u4f1aNIST)\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e00\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u6563\u5217\u6807\u51c6(Secure Hash Standard\uff0cSHS)\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6(FIPS)180\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bc6\u7801\u673a\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5c06SHA-2\u7b97\u6cd5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0eSHA-1\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/strong>\u57282012\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u9009\u62e9Keccak\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3aSHA-3\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cSHA-3\u6807\u51c6\u4ecd\u662f\u8349\u6848\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6NIST\u5b9a\u578bSHA-3\uff0cSHA-2\u4ecd\u5c06\u662fNIST\u5b89\u5168\u6563\u5217\u6807\u51c6(SHS)\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9SHA-2\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u9645\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2.2 MD2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>MD2\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5\u7531Ronald Rivest(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fRivest\u3001Shamir\u548cAdleman\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4eba)\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a8\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2.3 MD4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\uff0cRivest\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5176\u4fe1\u606f\u6458\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u652f\u630132\u4f4d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aMD4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2.4 MD5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1991\u5e74\uff0cRivest\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5176\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fMD5\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7.3 \u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u9009\u62e9\u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u6d88\u606f\u786e\u5b9e\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027<\/strong><\/span>(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u4e4b\u540e\u58f0\u79f0\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u60c5\u51b5)\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6076\u610f\u7684\u4fee\u6539(\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u542b\u4e49)\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4fee\u6539(\u7531\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6545\u969c\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u7535\u78c1\u5e72\u6270)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u53ea\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6ee1\u8db3\u52a0\u5bc6\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>7.3.1 HMAC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">HMAC\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u51c6\u5907CISSP\u8003\u8bd5\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2022\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2022\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u5bc6\u53cb\u9001\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2022\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7b7e\u540d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2022\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd94\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0cHMAC\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7b97\u6cd5(\u5982SHA-2)\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u77e5\u9053\u6b64\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u4e0e\u660e\u6587\u6d88\u606f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u529f\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aHMAC\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u529f\u80fd(\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.3.2 \u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6807\u51c6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>DSS\u8fd8\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5(DSA)<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5728 FIPS186-4 \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>RSA\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5728 ANSI X9.31 \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5(ECDSA)<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5728 ANSI X9.62 \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7.4 \u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd(PKI)<\/h6>\n<p>\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4f7f\u539f\u672c\u4e92\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u53d8\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd(PKI)\u5c42\u6b21\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u5141\u8bb8\u7ed3\u5408\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df7\u5408\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.4.1 \u8bc1\u4e66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u4e4b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u516c\u94a5\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784(CA)\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u94a5\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5f52\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6X.509\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.4.2 \u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784(CA)\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u963b\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u5c55CA\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531CA\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53d1\u5e03\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u53d1\u5e03\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684CA\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.4.3 \u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u64a4\u6d88<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.\u6ce8\u518c<br \/>\n\u5f53\u5e0c\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\u8bc1\u660e\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u9a8c\u8bc1<br \/>\n\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u4e4b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528CA\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u68c0\u67e5CA\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5e03\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u64a4\u6d88\u5217\u8868(CertificateRevocationList\uff0cCRL)\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u64a4\u6d88<br \/>\n\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5217\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u9700\u8981\u64a4\u6d88\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022\u8bc1\u4e66\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0d\u614e\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u79c1\u94a5)\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u53d1\u653e(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCA\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u53d1\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66)\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316)\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5173\u8054\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u62c5\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4efd\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u518d\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u4f53)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<br \/>\n\u64a4\u6d88\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bbd\u9650\u671f\u662fCA\u6267\u884c\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u64a4\u6d88\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u957f\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u5b9e\u8df5\u58f0\u660e(Certificate Practive Statement\uff0cCPS)\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002CPS\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6CA\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u64a4\u6d88\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u8bc1\u4e66\u64a4\u6d88\u5217\u8868(CRL)<\/strong><\/span>\u2014\u2014\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5305\u542bCA\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5df1\u88ab\u64a4\u6d88\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u64a4\u6d88\u751f\u6548\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u64a4\u6d88\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u671f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u4ea4\u53c9\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u64a4\u6d88\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u8bc1\u4e66\u64a4\u6d88\u4e4b\u95f4<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cCRL\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u68c0\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u8054\u673a\u8bc1\u4e66\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae(OnlineCertificateStatusProtocol\uff0cOCSP)<\/strong><\/span>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc1\u64a4\u6d88\u5217\u8868\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411CA\u7684OCSP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001OCSP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u968f\u540e\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4efd\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u72b6\u6001(\u6709\u6548\u3001\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u672a\u77e5)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.4.4 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5728\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5185\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5b88\u82e5\u5e72\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u660e\u667a\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong>\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\uff0c&#8221;\u9690\u85cf\u5f0f\u5b89\u5168&#8221;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u7b97\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u884c\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u614e\u91cd\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;\u9ed1\u7bb1&#8221;\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u8ba4\u5bc6\u94a5\u771f\u6b63\u968f\u673a\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7834\u8bd1\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u51cf\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\uff01<\/strong>\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u83b7\u77e5\u4f60\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4eba\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u5371\u5bb3\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1(\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u5c06\u6765)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u51c6\u8bb8\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5047\u5192\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u540e\u5e94\u5f53\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8f6e\u6362\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8f6e\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u66f4\u6539\u4e00\u6b21\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff01<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e22\u5931\u5305\u542b\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65e0\u7591\u5e0c\u671b\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ef4\u62a4\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981!<\/p>\n<h6>7.5 \u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h6>\n<p>7.5.1 \u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.5.2 \u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6<\/strong><br \/>\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6807\u51c6\u3002<br \/>\n1.\u53ef\u9760\u9690\u79c1(PrettyGoodPrivacy, PGP)<br \/>\n2.S\/MIME<br \/>\n\u5b89\u5168\u591a\u7528\u9014\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u90ae\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55(Secure \u00a0Multipurpose Intemet Mail Extensions\uff0cS\/MIME)\u534f\u8bae\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002S\/MIME\u4f7f\u7528RSA\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df1\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u5305\u62ecRSA\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e1a\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.5.3 Web\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57(SSL)\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42(TLS)\u534f\u8bae\u3002<br \/>\n\u9690\u5199\u672f\u548c\u6c34\u5370\uff08<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u9690\u5199\u672f(steganogaphy)\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5d4c\u5165\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>7.5.4 \u6570\u5b57\u7248\u6743\u7ba1\u7406(DRM)<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.5.5 \u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u94fe\u8def\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u94fe\u8def\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e(\u5305\u62ec\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6570\u636e)\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8df3(eachhop)\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6570\u636e\u5305\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8def\u7531\u81f3\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u4e4b\u524d\u53c8\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u70b9\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u55c5\u63a2\u5668\u548c\u5077\u542c\u8005\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.IPSec<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4eba\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168(<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">IPSec<\/span>)\u6807\u51c6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7684<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u3002<\/strong>IPSec\u662f\u7531\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5de5\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u7ec4(IETF)\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.ISAKMP<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u8054\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae(ISAKMP)\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u5546\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u8054\u4e3aIPSec\u63d0\u4f9b\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u65e0\u7ebf\u4e92\u8054<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u6709\u7ebf\u7b49\u4ef7\u9690\u79c1(WEP)\u2014\u2014\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u4f53\u6700\u521d\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u6709\u7ebf\u7b49\u4ef7\u9690\u79c1(Wired Equivalent Privacy\uff0cWEP)\u63d0\u4f9b64\u548c128\u4f4d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65e0\u7ebfLAN\u5185\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span>IEEE 802.11 \u4e2d\u5c06WEP\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">WiFi\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee(WPA)\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u534f\u8bae(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol\uff0cTKIP)\u5e76\u6d88\u9664\u5371\u5bb3WEP\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5f31\u70b9\uff0cWPA(WiFi Protected Access)\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86WEP\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">WPA2\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06TKIP\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aAES\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cWPA2\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u4e86WPA\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>IEEE 802.1x \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6709\u7ebf\u548c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528802.1x\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3asupplicant\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002supplicant\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6216\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002WPA\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e0e802.1x\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7.6 \u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u653b\u51fb<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fc3\u6000\u6076\u610f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u51fb\u8d25\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u653b\u51fb\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6790\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bd5\u56fe\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5206\u6790\u653b\u51fb<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6027<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\u5229\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5229\u7528<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u7f16\u5199\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7edf\u8ba1\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7edf\u8ba1\u653b\u51fb\u5229\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c\u6d6e\u70b9\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u653b\u51fb\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\u9a7b\u7559\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6bcf\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u62a4\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u9488\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u73b0\u5bc6\u94a5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/strong><\/span><strong>\u5982\u679c\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u6bcf\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6570\u52a0\u500d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u500d\u3002<br \/>\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63d0\u5347\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022\u5f69\u8679\u8868\u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6563\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7834\u89e3\u4ee5\u5bc6\u7801\u6563\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u4e13\u4e3a\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u786c\u4ef6\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4ec5\u77e5\u5bc6\u6587\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4ec5\u77e5\u5bc6\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5df1\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u7b80\u5355\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bc6\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b87\u6bcdE\u3001T\u30010\u3001A\u3001I\u548cN\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51e0\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<br \/>\n\u2022\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u5bc6\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<strong>\u79fb\u4f4d\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u660e\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<br \/>\n\u2022\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u5bc6\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<strong>\u7f6e\u6362\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\u5e76\u4ee3\u66ff\u660e\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8<strong>\u591a\u8868\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5df2\u77e5\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5df1\u77e5\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5df1\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u526f\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u5bc6\u6587(\u526f\u672c)\u7684\u660e\u6587\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7834\u89e3\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u660e\u6587\u548c\u5bc6\u6587\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7834\u89e3\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u51ef\u6492\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9009\u5b9a\u5bc6\u6587\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u5bc6\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u6240\u9009\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5bc6\u6587\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5df1\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9009\u5b9a\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u5bc6\u6240\u9009\u7684\u660e\u6587\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e2d\u95f4\u76f8\u9047\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u76f8\u9047\u653b\u51fb\u51fb\u8d25\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u8f6e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u91cdDES(2DES)\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u629b\u5f03<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8f6c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u91cdDES(3DES)\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u5f3a\u7684DES\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u76f8\u9047\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5df1\u77e5\u7684\u660e\u6587\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5(k1)\u52a0\u5bc6\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5(k2)\u89e3\u5bc6\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9(k1\uff0ck2)\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700\u82b1\u8d39\u7834\u89e3\u4e00\u8f6e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5(\u62162n\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u8ba1\u76842n*2n)\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6000\u6709\u6076\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u622a\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u901a\u4fe1(\u5305\u62ec\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e)\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5bf9\u59cb\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e95\u4e14\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u59cb\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u59cb\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u80fd\u591f&#8221;\u5750\u5728&#8221;\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d41\u7ecf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<strong>\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u51b2\u7a81\u653b\u51fb<\/span>\u6216<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u9006\u5411\u6563\u5217\u5339\u914d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5bfb\u627e\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u7b2c14\u7ae0&#8221;\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u8bbf\u95ee&#8221;\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7a77\u4e3e\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<span style=\"color: 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#ff0000;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\u95f4\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u5fa1\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h6>7.7 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style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u516c\u94a5\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u79c1\u94a5\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b7e\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u719f\u6089\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong>1977\u5e74\uff0c\u7531Rivest\u3001Shamir\u548cAdleman\u5f00\u53d1\u7684<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>RSA\u662f\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8d28\u6570\u4e58\u79ef\u8fdb\u884c\u56e0\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u96be\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\u3002<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ElGamal\u662fDiffe-Hellman\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6a21\u8fd0\u7b97<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<strong>\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u79bb\u6563\u5bf9\u6570\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u77e5\u9053\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/strong>\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u5177\u67095\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u503c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u610f\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u7684\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5355\u5411\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u65e0\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u719f\u60894\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5(SHA)\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u7b97\u6cd5SHA-1\u548cSHA-2\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u3002SHA-1\u751f\u6210160\u4f4d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\uff0cSHA-2\u652f\u6301\u6700\u5927512\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\uff0cSHA-3\u8fd8\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u800cNIST\u7a0d\u665a\u4e9b\u5c06\u53d1\u5e03\u6700\u7ec8\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u77e5\u9053\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u76d0\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bc6\u7801\u6563\u5217\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u5f53\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6563\u5217\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u503c\u7684\u5f69\u8679\u8868\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u5728\u6563\u5217\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u76d0\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5f69\u8679\u8868\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7b7e\u540d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u751f\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5c06\u89e3\u5bc6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6807\u51c6(DSS)\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6807\u51c6\u4f7f\u7528SHA-1\u548cSHA-2\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5(DSA)\u3001RSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5(ECDSA)\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd(PKI)\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u516c\u94a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784(CA)\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u4e66\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u5e0c\u671b\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u8bc1\u4e66\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528CA\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u6807\u51c6\u662fS\/MIME\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ecPhil Zimmerman\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u9690\u79c1PGP)\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eWeb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4Web\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u5b89\u5168Web\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae(TLS)\u6216\u65e7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c42(SSL)\u4e0a\u7684HTTP\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">IPSec\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u51c6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u5185\u5efa\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>IPSec\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u9488\u5bf9\u5bf9\u7b49\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u96a7\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5219\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u5173\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u5bc6\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305(\u5305\u62ec\u5934\u4fe1\u606f)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0IPsec\u3002<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">IPSec\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728IP\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/span>IPSec\u6765\u7528\u8fd0\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u96a7\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acbVPN\u3002<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">IPSec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5934(AH)\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377(ESP)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/strong>\u7a77\u4e3e\u653b\u51fb(\u53c8\u79f0\u86ee\u529b\u653b\u51fb)\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5df1\u77e5\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u9009\u5b9a\u5bc6\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u9009\u5b9a\u660e\u6587\u653b\u51fb\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5177\u6709\u9664\u4e86\u5bc6\u6587\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<span style=\"color: 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