{"id":3707,"date":"2017-12-08T19:06:29","date_gmt":"2017-12-08T11:06:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=3707"},"modified":"2017-12-08T19:06:29","modified_gmt":"2017-12-08T11:06:29","slug":"%e5%9c%a8python%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8requests%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e5%b0%8f%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/3707.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528requests\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"

=Start=<\/p>\n

\u7f18\u7531\uff1a<\/h4>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a<\/h5>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684 POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h6>\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u8868\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u975e\u5e38\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a HTML \u8868\u5355\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u7ed9 data \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u8868\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

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>>> payload = {<\/code>'key1'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>'value1'<\/code>,\u00a0<\/code>'key2'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>'value2'<\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
>>> r = requests.post(<\/code>\"http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post\"<\/a><\/code>, data=payload)<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> print(r.text)<\/code><\/div>\n
{<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>...<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"form\"<\/code>: {<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"key2\"<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>\"value2\"<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"key1\"<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>\"value1\"<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>},<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>...<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a data \u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8868\u5355\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00 key \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548<\/strong><\/span>\uff1a<\/p>\n

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>>> payload = ((<\/code>'key1'<\/code>,\u00a0<\/code>'value1'<\/code>), (<\/code>'key1'<\/code>,\u00a0<\/code>'value2'<\/code>))<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> r = requests.post(<\/code>'http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post'<\/a><\/code>, data=payload)<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> print(r.text)<\/code><\/div>\n
{<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>...<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"form\"<\/code>: {<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"key1\"<\/code>: [<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"value1\"<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\"value2\"<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>]<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>},<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>...<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u975e\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u8868\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a string \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a dict\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGithub API v3 \u63a5\u53d7\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a JSON \u7684 POST\/PATCH \u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n

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>>>\u00a0<\/code>import<\/code>\u00a0json<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> url =\u00a0<\/code>'https:\/\/api.github.com\/some\/endpoint'<\/a><\/code><\/div>\n
>>> payload = {<\/code>'some'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>'data'<\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u6b64\u5904\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5bf9 dict \u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 json \u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u662f 2.4.2 \u7248\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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>>> url =\u00a0<\/code>'https:\/\/api.github.com\/some\/endpoint'<\/a><\/code><\/div>\n
>>> payload = {<\/code>'some'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>'data'<\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fdb\u884crequests.post()\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9data\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884cjson.dumps()\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a415\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6682\u672a\u7ec6\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001JSON \u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/h6>\n

Requests \u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 JSON \u89e3\u7801\u5668\uff0c\u52a9\u4f60\u5904\u7406 JSON \u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n

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>>>\u00a0<\/code>import<\/code>\u00a0requests<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> r = requests.get(<\/code>'https:\/\/github.com\/timeline.json'<\/a><\/code>)<\/code><\/div>\n
>>> r.json()<\/code><\/div>\n
[{u<\/code>'repository'<\/code>: {u<\/code>'open_issues'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>0<\/code>, u<\/code>'url'<\/code>:\u00a0<\/code>'https:\/\/github.com\/...'<\/a><\/code>}}]<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5982\u679c JSON \u89e3\u7801\u5931\u8d25\uff0c r.json() \u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u662f 401 (Unauthorized)\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee r.json() \u5c06\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValueError: No JSON object could be decoded \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8c03\u7528 r.json() \u5e76**\u4e0d**\u610f\u5473\u7740\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 HTTP 500 \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7ec6\u8282\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd JSON \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u7801\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 r.raise_for_status() \u6216\u8005\u68c0\u67e5 r.status_code \u662f\u5426\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u671f\u671b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

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# \u54cd\u5e94\u6210\u529f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0br.json()\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b<\/code>1<\/code>\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684list\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7r.json()[<\/code>0<\/code>]\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/div>\n
for<\/code>\u00a0item in r.json()[<\/code>0<\/code>]:<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>print item, type(item)<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u66f4\u591a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n