{"id":3849,"date":"2018-03-30T22:49:57","date_gmt":"2018-03-30T14:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=3849"},"modified":"2018-03-31T09:09:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-31T01:09:37","slug":"collectdns%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/3849.html","title":{"rendered":"[collect]DNS\u539f\u7406\u5165\u95e8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>=Start=<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u7f18\u7531\uff1a\">\u7f18\u7531\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u60f3\u8f83\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0bDNS\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u962e\u4e00\u5cf0\u5927\u795e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u662f\u5199\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81f3\u6b64\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ecf\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u6b63\u6587\uff1a\">\u6b63\u6587\uff1a<\/h4>\n<h5 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u53c2\u8003\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a\">\u539f\u6587\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>DNS \u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e0a\u7f51\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u70b9\u5b83\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdDNS\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff0c\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6b64\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3DNS\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061513.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001DNS \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">DNS \uff08Domain Name System \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u51faIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u672c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u57df\u540d<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u67e5\u51fa\u5b83\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f<code>151.101.129.69<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u67e5\u51faIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u6211\u5199\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blog\/2012\/05\/internet_protocol_suite_part_i.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u300a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5165\u95e8\u300b<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662fDNS\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6<code>dig<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig math.stackexchange.com<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u516d\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061501.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061502.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061503.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c<code>A<\/code>\u662faddress\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u662fDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061504.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u6709\u56db\u4e2a<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u56db\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<code>600<\/code>\u662fTTL\u503c\uff08Time to live \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373600\u79d2\u4e4b\u5185\u4e0d\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\u663e\u793a<code>stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Name Server\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406<code>stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684DNS\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061505.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a<code>stackexchange.com<\/code>\u5171\u6709\u56db\u6761NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u56db\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u67e5\u8be2\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u6bb5\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u56db\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u968f\u7740\u524d\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061506.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\u662fDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061514.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u673a\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f<code>192.168.1.253<\/code>\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7aef\u53e3\u662f53\uff08DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56de\u5e94\u957f\u5ea6\u662f305\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>+short<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig +short math.stackexchange.com\r\n\r\n151.101.129.69\r\n151.101.65.69\r\n151.101.193.69\r\n151.101.1.69<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u5bf9\u5e94\u76844\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u672c\u673a\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u4e48\u5f97\u5230\u57df\u540d<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u673a\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u77e5\u9053DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e86\u7f51\u3002\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061507.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0a\u7f51\u65f6\u7531\u7f51\u5173\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u505aDHCP\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u3002<strong>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\uff0cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728<code>\/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4f8b\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f<code>192.168.1.253<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u7f51\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662fGoogle\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/speed\/public-dns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><code>8.8.8.8<\/code><\/a>\u548cLevel 3\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tummy.com\/articles\/famous-dns-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><code>4.2.2.2<\/code><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u673a\u53ea\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c<code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<code>@<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5411\u5176\u4ed6DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig @4.2.2.2 math.stackexchange.com<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u5411DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668<code>4.2.2.2<\/code>\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7<\/h2>\n<p>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5206\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u90fd\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061503.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57df\u540d<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u663e\u793a\u4e3a<code>math.stackexchange.com.<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<code>www.example.com<\/code>\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57df\u540d\u662f<code>www.example.com.root<\/code>\uff0c\u7b80\u5199\u4e3a<code>www.example.com.<\/code>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u57df\u540d<code>.root<\/code>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u57df\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73\u65f6\u662f\u7701\u7565\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u57df\u540d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u53eb\u505a&#8221;\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d&#8221;\uff08top-level domain\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4e3aTLD\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<code>.com<\/code>\u3001<code>.net<\/code>\uff1b\u518d\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u53eb\u505a&#8221;\u6b21\u7ea7\u57df\u540d&#8221;\uff08second-level domain\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4e3aSLD\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<code>www.example.com<\/code>\u91cc\u9762\u7684<code>.example<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\uff1b\u518d\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08host\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<code>www.example.com<\/code>\u91cc\u9762\u7684<code>www<\/code>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;\u4e09\u7ea7\u57df\u540d&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57df\u91cc\u9762\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">\u4e3b\u673a\u540d.\u6b21\u7ea7\u57df\u540d.\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d.\u6839\u57df\u540d\r\n\r\n# \u5373\r\nhost.sld.tld.root<\/pre>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cNS\u8bb0\u5f55\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u7684\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13&#8221;\u5206\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2&#8221;\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u57df\u540d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u67e5\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u4ece&#8221;\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u67e5\u5230&#8221;\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u548cA\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08IP\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece&#8221;\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u67e5\u5230&#8221;\u6b21\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u548cA\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08IP\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece&#8221;\u6b21\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u67e5\u51fa&#8221;\u4e3b\u673a\u540d&#8221;\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053&#8221;\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u662f<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8220;\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#8221;\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u7f6e\u5728DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cyberciti.biz\/faq\/unix-linux-update-root-hints-data-file\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4f8b\u5b50<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061508.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6839\u57df\u540d\uff08<code>.root<\/code>\uff09\u7684\u4e09\u6761NS\u8bb0\u5f55<code>A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET<\/code>\u3001<code>B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET<\/code>\u548c<code>C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09<code>198.41.0.4<\/code>\u3001<code>192.228.79.201<\/code>\u3001<code>192.33.4.12<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684TTL\u503c\u662f3600000\u79d2\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e1000\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf1000\u5c0f\u65f6\u624d\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u5341\u4e09\u7ec4\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece<code>A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET<\/code>\u4e00\u76f4\u5230<code>M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u5206\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p><code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684<code>+trace<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793aDNS\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig +trace math.stackexchange.com<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u5217\u51fa\u6839\u57df\u540d<code>.<\/code>\u7684\u6240\u6709NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061509.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740\uff0cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9bIP\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u51fa\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668<code>com.<\/code>\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6700\u5148\u56de\u590d\u7684\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53ea\u5411\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061510.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a<code>.com<\/code>\u57df\u540d\u768413\u6761NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u57df\u540d<code>stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061511.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a<code>stackexchange.com<\/code>\u6709\u56db\u6761NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u56db\u53f0NS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blogimg\/asset\/2016\/bg2016061512.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c<code>math.stackexchange.com<\/code>\u67094\u6761<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u7684NS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f<code>ns-463.awsdns-57.com<\/code>\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a<code>205.251.193.207<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001NS \u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<p><code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig ns com\r\n$ dig ns stackexchange.com<\/pre>\n<p><code>+short<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig +short ns com\r\n$ dig +short ns stackexchange.com<\/pre>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001DNS\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u57df\u540d\u4e0eIP\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;\u8bb0\u5f55&#8221;\uff08record\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c&#8221;\u8bb0\u5f55&#8221;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08type\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6709<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c<code>NS<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684DNS\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\uff081\uff09\u00a0<code>A<\/code>\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Address\uff09\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u57df\u540d\u6307\u5411\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u00a0<code>NS<\/code>\uff1a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Name Server\uff09\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09<code>MX<\/code>\uff1a\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Mail eXchange\uff09\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63a5\u6536\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09<code>CNAME<\/code>\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u540d\u79f0\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Canonical Name\uff09\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u57df\u540d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff085\uff09<code>PTR<\/code>\uff1a\u9006\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Pointer Record\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceIP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e24\u6761<code>NS<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u800c<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c<code>MX<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><code>CNAME<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u611f\u77e5\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<code>facebook.github.io<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<code>CNAME<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig facebook.github.io\r\n\r\n...\r\n\r\n;; ANSWER SECTION:\r\nfacebook.github.io. 3370    IN  CNAME   github.map.fastly.net.\r\ngithub.map.fastly.net.  600 IN  A   103.245.222.133<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c<code>facebook.github.io<\/code>\u7684CNAME\u8bb0\u5f55\u6307\u5411<code>github.map.fastly.net<\/code>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2<code>facebook.github.io<\/code>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f<code>github.map.fastly.net<\/code>\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u53d8\u66f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4fee\u6539<code>github.map.fastly.net<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684<code>facebook.github.io<\/code>\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e<code>CNAME<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u57df\u540d\u4e00\u65e6\u8bbe\u7f6e<code>CNAME<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\uff08\u6bd4\u5982<code>A<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c<code>MX<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<code>foo.com<\/code>\u6307\u5411<code>bar.com<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e24\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5404\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<code>MX<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e<code>MX<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e<code>CNAME<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>PTR<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceIP\u5730\u5740\u53cd\u67e5\u57df\u540d\u3002<code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684<code>-x<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2<code>PTR<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig -x 192.30.252.153\r\n\r\n...\r\n\r\n;; ANSWER SECTION:\r\n153.252.30.192.in-addr.arpa. 3600 IN    PTR pages.github.com.<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c<code>192.30.252.153<\/code>\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57df\u540d\u662f<code>pages.github.com<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9006\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u5b83\u6240\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ dig a github.com\r\n$ dig ns github.com\r\n$ dig mx github.com<\/pre>\n<h2>\u4e5d\u3001\u5176\u4ed6DNS\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86<code>dig<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff081\uff09host \u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code>host<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c<code>dig<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ host github.com\r\n\r\ngithub.com has address 192.30.252.121\r\ngithub.com mail is handled by 5 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM.\r\ngithub.com mail is handled by 10 ALT4.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM.\r\ngithub.com mail is handled by 10 ALT3.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM.\r\ngithub.com mail is handled by 5 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM.\r\ngithub.com mail is handled by 1 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM.\r\n\r\n$ host facebook.github.com\r\n\r\nfacebook.github.com is an alias for github.map.fastly.net.\r\ngithub.map.fastly.net has address 103.245.222.133<\/pre>\n<p><code>host<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9006\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5373\u4eceIP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e<code>dig -x &lt;ip&gt;<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ host 192.30.252.153\r\n\r\n153.252.30.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer pages.github.com.<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\uff082\uff09nslookup \u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code>nslookup<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u52a8\u5f0f\u5730\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ nslookup\r\n\r\n&gt; facebook.github.io\r\nServer:     192.168.1.253\r\nAddress:    192.168.1.253#53\r\n\r\nNon-authoritative answer:\r\nfacebook.github.io  canonical name = github.map.fastly.net.\r\nName:   github.map.fastly.net\r\nAddress: 103.245.222.133\r\n\r\n&gt;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\uff083\uff09whois \u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code>whois<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u57df\u540d\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ whois github.com<\/pre>\n<h1>\u5341\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.petekeen.net\/dns-the-good-parts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS: The Good Parts<\/a>, by Pete Keen<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.integralist.co.uk\/posts\/dnsbasics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS 101<\/a>, by Mark McDonnell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uff08\u5b8c\uff09<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"id-\u6a21\u677f-\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\">\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blog\/2016\/06\/dns.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS \u539f\u7406\u5165\u95e8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>=END=<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>=Start= \u7f18\u7531\uff1a \u6700\u8fd1\u60f3\u8f83\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0bDNS\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u962e\u4e00\u5cf0\u5927\u795e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u662f\u5199 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[1083,205,1084,1085,1086,1073],"class_list":["post-3849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledgebase-2","tag-dig","tag-dns","tag-host","tag-nslookup","tag-whois","tag-1073"],"views":3229,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3849"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3859,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849\/revisions\/3859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}