{"id":812,"date":"2014-08-02T11:01:04","date_gmt":"2014-08-02T11:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/?p=812"},"modified":"2014-08-02T11:01:04","modified_gmt":"2014-08-02T11:01:04","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e6%ad%a5%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%b5%81%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ixyzero.com\/blog\/archives\/812.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u914d\u7f6e\u6d41\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u770b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u641c\u85cf\u7b14\u8bb0\u65f6\u627e\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u642d\u5efablog\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u6709\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6982\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u91cd\u88c5\u6216\u662f\u6362\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u6587\u4f9b\u4ee5\u540e\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u00a0<\/span>\u962e\u4e00\u5cf0<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u53d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u914d\u7f6eLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8bb0\u5f55\u914d\u7f6eLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u5907\u5fd8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9057\u6f0f\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9488\u5bf9Debian\/Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1aroot\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\uff08\u5047\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u662f128.199.209.242\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

ssh root@128.199.209.242<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u952e\u5165yes\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u767b\u5165\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4fee\u6539root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
passwd<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3aadmin\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
addgroup admin<\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3abill\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
useradd -d \/home\/bill -s \/bin\/bash -m bill<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570d\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53c2\u6570s\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684shell\uff0c\u53c2\u6570m\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
passwd bill<\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff08bill\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08admin\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
usermod -a -G admin bill<\/pre>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9asudo\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
visudo<\/pre>\n
visudo\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00sudo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/sudoers\uff08\u5e76\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u76f4\u63a5sudo vim\u8981\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\nbill    ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684NOPASSWD\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5207\u6362sudo\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u8f83\u7701\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\nbill    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u9000\u51faroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
exit\nssh bill@128.199.209.242<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1aSSH\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u672c\u673a\u6709SSH\u516c\u94a5\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ssh-keygen\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u5199\u7684SSH\u6559\u7a0b<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u673a\u4e0a\u53e6\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u673a\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
cat ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub | ssh bill@128.199.209.242 'mkdir -p .ssh && cat - >> ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys'\n\n# \u6216\u8005\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\n\necho \"ssh-rsa [your public key]\" > ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91SSH\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo cp \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config ~\nsudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06SSH\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e322\u6539\u6389\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6210\u4ece1025\u523065536\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a25000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
Port 25000<\/span><\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u8bbe\u6210\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53bb\u9664\u524d\u9762\u7684#\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
Protocol 2\n\nPermitRootLogin no\nPermitEmptyPasswords no\nPasswordAuthentication no\n\nRSAAuthentication yes\nPubkeyAuthentication yes\nAuthorizedKeysFile .ssh\/authorized_keys\n\nUseDNS no<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7981\u6b62\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u9646\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
AllowUsers bill<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6539\u53d8authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo chmod 600<\/span> ~<\/span>\/<\/span>.<\/span>ssh\/<\/span>authorized_keys &&<\/span> chmod 700<\/span> ~<\/span>\/<\/span>.<\/span>ssh\/<\/span><\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u542fSSHD\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo service ssh restart\n\n# \u6216\u8005\n\nsudo \/etc\/init.d\/ssh restart<\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff08\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u672c\u673a~\/.ssh\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u521b\u5efaconfig\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
Host s1\nHostName 128.199.209.242\nUser bill\nPort 25000<\/pre>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u673a\u53e6\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5SSH\u80fd\u5426\u987a\u5229\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
ssh s1<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
locale<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u662fen_US.UTF-8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u90fd\u8bbe\u6210\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo locale–<\/span>gen en_US en_US.<\/span>UTF-8<\/span> en_CA.<\/span>UTF-8<\/span><\/p>\n
sudo dpkg–<\/span>reconfigure locales<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo apt–<\/span>get update<\/p>\n
sudo\u00a0apt–<\/span>get upgrade<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u642d\u5efa\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5173\u95edHTTP\u3001HTTPs\u3001SSH\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u5b89\u88c5Fail2Ban\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300aSecuring a Linux Server\u300b<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u5b8c\uff09<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u53f0Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e86–\u8bbe\u7f6eSSH\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u767b\u9646\u3001\u66f4\u6539SSH\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u5b89\u88c5DenyHosts\/Fail2Ban\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u662fMySQL\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u642d\u5efa\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\/\u641c\u7d22\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/h6>\n
    \n
  • vim\u5b89\u88c5\/\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • \u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n
  • PHP\u3001Python(\u5305\u62ecPIP\u6216\u4f7f\u7528pyenv)\u3001Ruby\u7b49\u73af\u5883\u7684\u642d\u5efa<\/li>\n
  • \u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u521b\u5efa\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u811a\u672c\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u2026\u2026\uff09<\/li>\n
  • DenyHosts\/Fail2Ban\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • \u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5b89\u88c5&\u914d\u7f6e\uff08nmap\u3001sqlmap\u3001theHarvester\uff09<\/li>\n
  • MySQL\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u7528\u6237\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efa&\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n
  • \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u8fc7\u6ee4WEB\u653b\u51fb\u6e90IP<\/li>\n
  • \u81ea\u52a8\u5907\u4efd\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5c06DropboxUploader\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\u653e\u5165crontab\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5468\u671f\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u7684\u8f83\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\uff08Linux\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u8bca\u65ad\u3001nginx\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u627e\/\u5206\u6790\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u76ee\u5f55\u7be1\u6539\u5206\u6790\u2026\u2026\uff09\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u65b9\u4fbf\u67e5\u9605<\/li>\n
  • \u7ed9\u7f51\u7ad9\u589e\u52a0HTTPS\u3001IPv6\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n
  • WordPress\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\/\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\/\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n
  • \u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
     <\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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