想要读写中文json，可以使用Python中的 json 库可以对json进行操作。读入数据可以使用 json.load。

f = open(fileName)  #建议使用open()替代file() http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6859499/difference-between-python-file-operation-modules-open-and-file

data = json.load(f)

json格式的数据被载入到一个dict类型的object对象中。

'''
In [5]: json.load??
Type:        function
String form: <function load at 0x0272DAB0>
File:        c:python27libjson__init__.py
Definition:  json.load(fp, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw)
Source:
def load(fp, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None,
        parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw):
'''

使用 json.dump 可以输出json。不过输出的文本并不是中文，而是转换为 utf-8的格式。此处需要：

json.dump(jsonData, targetFile, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

In [3]: import json

In [4]: json.dump??
Type:        function
String form: <function dump at 0x0272DA30>
File:        c:python27libjson__init__.py
Definition:  json.dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Source:
def dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,
        allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,
        encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):
    """Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a
    ``.write()``-supporting file-like object).

    If ``skipkeys`` is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types
    (``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``)
    will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``.

    If ``ensure_ascii`` is true (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the
    output are escaped with ``uXXXX`` sequences, and the result is a ``str``
    instance consisting of ASCII characters only.  If ``ensure_ascii`` is
    ``False``, some chunks written to ``fp`` may be ``unicode`` instances.
    This usually happens because the input contains unicode strings or the
    ``encoding`` parameter is used. Unless ``fp.write()`` explicitly
    understands ``unicode`` (as in ``codecs.getwriter``) this is likely to
    cause an error.

    If ``check_circular`` is false, then the circular reference check
    for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will
    result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse).

    If ``allow_nan`` is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to
    serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``)
    in strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the
    JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``).

    If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and
    object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent
    level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact
    representation.  Since the default item separator is ``', '``,  the
    output might include trailing whitespace when ``indent`` is specified.
    You can use ``separators=(',', ': ')`` to avoid this.

    If ``separators`` is an ``(item_separator, dict_separator)`` tuple
    then it will be used instead of the default ``(', ', ': ')`` separators.
    ``(',', ':')`` is the most compact JSON representation.

    ``encoding`` is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8.

    ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version
    of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError.

    If *sort_keys* is ``True`` (default: ``False``), then the output of
    dictionaries will be sorted by key.

    To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the
    ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with
    the ``cls`` kwarg; otherwise ``JSONEncoder`` is used.

    """

输出中文的json。通过使用ensure_ascii=False，输出原有的语言文字。indent参数是缩进数量。

更改写文件格式：将上一步导出的 string 直接写文件会报错（可能只在Python2.7中出现）：

UnicodeEncodeError: ‘ascii’ codec can’t encode characters in position 1-9: ordinal not in range(128)

这是由于此处输出的一些ascii编码不支持，所以报错。

解决的办法是，在输出的时候，对文件指定特定的UTF-8编码：

import codecs
with codecs.open(path_to_fileName, 'w', 'utf-8') as fp:
    #write to fp
'''
In [1]: import codecs

In [2]: codecs.open??
Type:        function
String form: <function open at 0x025A8C30>
File:        c:python27libcodecs.py
Definition:  codecs.open(filename, mode='rb', encoding=None, errors='strict', buffering=1)
Source:
def open(filename, mode='rb', encoding=None, errors='strict', buffering=1):
...
'''

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import json, codecs

f_in = open('json.txt', 'r')
data_in = json.load(f_in)
f_out = open('json_out.txt', 'w')
json.dump(data_in, f_out, indent=4)
f_out2 = codecs.open('json_out2.txt', 'w', 'utf-8')
json.dump(data_in, f_out2, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

 

参考链接：

• https://docs.python.org/2/library/json.html
• 使用 python 读写中文json
• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6859499/difference-between-python-file-operation-modules-open-and-file
• Python解析json学习