=Start=

缘由：

不同的Linux发行版有不同的「包管理工具」，所以有时同一个软件对应的安装包名称和安装命令也都不一样（甚至同一发行版的不同版本之间也会有所不同），如果需要写类似于 LNMP 等兼容各Linux系统的一键安装工具时，是需要提前判断Linux系统的具体发行版信息的，然后根据对应的版本信息进行操作。这里我根据以往的一些经验记录一下常见Linux系统发行版的判断方法，作为备忘和参考。

正文：

准确判断Linux系统的发行版需要对LFS和各Linux发行版足够熟悉才行，下面是我碰到的一些常用的Linux发行版及对应包管理工具：

• Fedora / RedHat / CentOS
  $ yum/rpm
• Gentoo
  $ emerge
• Debian / Ubuntu
  $ apt-get/dpkg
• Arch
  $ pacman

根据自己之前的一些经验，一般情况下可以根据如下3个文件来判断Linux系统的具体发行版本信息：

• /etc/*release
• /etc/*version
• /etc/*issue*

一个简单的Linux系统发行版本检测脚本：

function check_os_type()
{
    local line

    line=`head -n 1 /etc/issue`
    if echo $line|grep "[Cc]ent[Oo][Ss]" >/dev/null; then
        br_os_type=1
    elif echo $line|grep "[Rr]ed.Hat.Enterprise" >/dev/null; then
        br_os_type=2
    elif echo $line|grep "[Uu]buntu" >/dev/null; then
        br_os_type=3
    elif echo $line|grep "[Dd]ebian" >/dev/null; then
        br_os_type=4
    elif echo $line|grep "[Ff]edora" >/dev/null; then
        br_os_type=5
    else
        echo -e "unknown os type - $line is not supported."
        exit 0
    fi

    echo -e "target os type - $line"
    echo $br_os_type
}

一个较为通用的Linux系统版本信息检测脚本：

#!/bin/bash
# Detects which OS and if it is Linux then it will detect which Linux Distribution.
# https://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/feature/11251.html

OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`

if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
    OS=Solaris
    ARCH=`uname -p`
    OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
    OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
    KERNEL=`uname -r`
    if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
        DIST='RedHat'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/SUSE-release ] ; then
        DIST=`cat /etc/SUSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
        REV=`cat /etc/SUSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
    elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
        DIST='Mandrake'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
        DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
        REV=""
    fi

    if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
        DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
    fi

    OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"
fi

echo ${OSSTR}

参考链接：

• http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/35183/how-do-i-identify-which-linux-distro-is-running
• http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/6345/how-can-i-get-distribution-name-and-version-number-in-a-simple-shell-script
• http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-and-scripting/27932-how-know-linux-distribution-i-am-using.html
• https://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/feature/11251.html
• http://superuser.com/questions/80251/how-to-know-which-linux-distribution-im-using
• http://serverfault.com/questions/3331/how-do-i-find-out-what-version-of-linux-is-running/3334#3334
• http://superuser.com/questions/618660/how-can-i-determine-the-distro-of-linux-that-is-running-on-a-remote-server/618661
• http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/command-to-show-linux-version/
• http://askubuntu.com/questions/459402/how-to-know-if-the-running-platform-is-ubuntu-or-centos-with-help-of-a-bash-scri
• http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/92199/how-can-i-reliably-get-the-operating-systems-name/92218#92218

=END=