题目在哪看到的不记得了，就记下了个解决方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8

#方法一
def read_line(line):
    sample = {}
    n = len(line)
    for i in xrange(n):
        if line[i]!='0':
            sample[i] = int(line[i])
    return sample

#方法二
def xread_line(line):
    return((idx,int(val)) for idx, val in enumerate(line) if val != '0')

print read_line('0001110101')
print list(xread_line('0001110101'))

效果如下：

{9: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 7: 1}
[(3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (7, 1), (9, 1)]